Studies indicate up to 11 percent of voters do not have the government-issued photo IDs that many states now demand. The percentage is higher for seniors, minorities, the disabled, the poor and students. Even states that provide free IDs sometimes refuse to issue them until the voter provides other proof of citizenship, like a birth certificate, that can cost $25 or more to obtain. There is no evidence that voter ID prevents fraud. Instead, there is strong evidence that the voter ID movement is geared to denying the voting rights of particular groups – minorities, the elderly, students and those with chronic illness – who are most likely to lack the required IDs.